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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><b>The Nicholas Marino Benachi Family</b></span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><strong>of</strong></span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:16px;"><font color="#000000">New Orleans, Louisiana and Biloxi, Mississippi</font></span></span></h1>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Nicolas Marino Benachi</b>&nbsp; (1812-1886) was born on the Greek Island of Khios.&nbsp; Khios is located in the Aegean Sea off the west coast of Turkey.&nbsp; It is believed to have been the birthplace of Homer.&nbsp; Khios is known for its school of epic poets, the Homeridae, and it sculptors.&nbsp; It became a Greek possession in 1912.&nbsp; Today with the adjacent islands of Cyclades, Dodecanese, Lesbos, and Samos, Khios forms the Greek department called Aegean Islands.(Webster&rsquo;s New Geographical Dictionary-1988, p. 261)</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/u4/benachi%2C-n.m-web.jpg" style="height: 200px; width: 198px;" /></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>&nbsp;</b></span></span><b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">NICHOLAS MARINO&nbsp;<span style="text-decoration: underline; ">BENACHI</span></b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">(1812-1886)</span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">[image made March 1998 by Ray L. Bellande.&nbsp; Courtesy of James G. Derbes, NOLA]</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">N.M. Benachi immigrated to the United States.&nbsp; His brother, Emmanuel Benachi, became Mayor of Athens.&nbsp; Anthony Benachi, a son of Emmanuel, donated his Athens home for the prominent Benachi Museum.&nbsp; Nicolas M. Benachi settled at New Orleans, Louisiana.&nbsp; Here he made his livelihood in the New Orleans cotton trade with the Greek firm, the Ralli Brothers.&nbsp; They were international cotton brokers with offices in London, Cairo, Athens, and India.(Derbes, et al-1998, p. 4)&nbsp;&nbsp; Another branch of the Benachi family in partnership with the Choremi clan operated in the cotton business at Alexandria, Egyptfrom the mid-1800s until dispossessed by Nasser (1918-1970).(Choremi, July 1998)</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Nicolas M. Benachi married&nbsp;<b>Catharina Grund</b>&nbsp;(d. 1853).&nbsp; They were the parents of&nbsp; four children:&nbsp;<b>Michel Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1841-1853),&nbsp;<b>Marie B. Botassi</b>&nbsp;(ca. 1842-1894+),&nbsp;<b>Marino Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1853-1853), and&nbsp;<b>Pandia N. Benachi</b>&nbsp;(c. 1857-1891).&nbsp;&nbsp; The Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1853, took the lives of Catharina G. Benachi and two of her children, Michel Benachi and Marino Benachi, while they vacationed in August, at Biloxi, Mississipi.&nbsp; In late September 1856, an inventory of the estate of Mrs. Benachi was filed in the 2<sup>nd</sup>&nbsp;District Court at New Orleans.&nbsp; The results of this survey showed that the Benachi Estate was valued as follows: Movable objects (primarily furniture)-$331; Two slaves-$1800; and Immovable property (real estate)-$16,550; and Mr. Benachi&rsquo;s interest in Ralli &amp; Company-$12,293.&nbsp; The credit of the community against N.M. Benachi was $6740, leaving him a net worth of $37,713.(2<sup>nd</sup>&nbsp;District Court of New Orleans, September 1856)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The following is a summary of what is currently known of the lives of the first family of N.M. Benachi:</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Michel Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1841-1853)-died at the age of twelve during the 1853 Yellow Fever Epidemic.(<i>The New Orleans Picayune</i>,&nbsp;<i>September 4, 1853, p. 2, c. 6</i>)</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Marie Benachi Botassi&nbsp;</b>(ca.1842-1894+)-married&nbsp;<b>Demetrius Nicholas Botassi</b>&nbsp;in December 1862.(Murray, p. 108)&nbsp; A son,&nbsp;<b>Demetrius Botassi</b>&nbsp;was born at New Orleans on November 15, 1865.&nbsp; She appears to have spent most of her life as a resident of Paris, France.&nbsp; Mr. Botassi was living in New York City in 1886.(Inventory of the Succession of N.M. Benachi-1886)&nbsp; No further information.</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Marino Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1853-1853)-died at the age of five months during the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1853.(<i>The New Orleans Picayune</i>,&nbsp;<i>September 4, 1853, p. 2, c. 6</i>)</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Pandia [Paul] N. Benachi</b>&nbsp;(c. 1857-1891)-married&nbsp;<b>Sarah Ann Stohr</b>&nbsp;(1858-1920) in January 1877 in Orleans Parish, Louisiana. &nbsp;Pandia N. Benachi was a resident of Jacksonville, Florida as early as 1880. &nbsp;He took he took his own life at Jacksonville on November 13, 1891. &nbsp;Benachi&#39;s remains and those of his spouse are interred in the Evergreen Cemetery at Jacksonville. Florida. (The Columbus [Georgia] Daily Enquirer, November 14, 1891, p. 1; The Daily Picayune, November &nbsp;1891, p. &nbsp;;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;">Murray, p. 108; and the&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Inventory of the Succession of N.M. Benachi-1886) &nbsp;</span></p>
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	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">After the demise of his wife, Catharina Grund, N.M. Benachi married a minor,&nbsp;</span><b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Anne Marie Bidault</b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp;(1837-1897), on November&nbsp; 13, 1856.&nbsp; She was a native of Bordeaux and the daughter of Antoine Bidault (1800-1875) of New Orleans and Desire Marie Gilbert (1810-1870+), who was in France in 1856.&nbsp;&nbsp; The couple had a marriage contract drawn up.&nbsp; It consisted of three clauses: 1) no community gains and separate properties between the two parties. 2) husband to contribute to the expense of the marriage. 3) donation of $10,000 to Mrs. Anne B. Benachi from the Succession of N.M. Benachi.&nbsp; The agreement was notarized by Abel Dreyfous, Notary Public for the Parish of Orleans, prior to their wedding in November 1856.(HARCO Chancery Court Cause No. 676, Mrs. A. Benachi v. Marie Batassi, et al, August Term 1894).</span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The children of this union were<b>: George N. Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1857-1858),&nbsp;<b>Anthony N.</b>&nbsp;<b>Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1858-1916),&nbsp;<b>Helene Benachi&nbsp; Frangopulo</b>&nbsp;(1860-1886),&nbsp;<b>Irene B. Bidault</b>&nbsp;(1862-1942) m. Louis A. Bidault (1862-1940),&nbsp;<b>Belisarie N. Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1864-1923),&nbsp; and&nbsp;<b>Diomede N. Benach</b>&nbsp;(1866-1930).&nbsp; A summary of the lives of the second family of N.M. Benachi follows:</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>George N. Benachi&nbsp;</b>(1856-1858) was born on August 31, 1857 at&nbsp;&nbsp; New Orleans.&nbsp; He died at New Orleans on October 13, 1858.(<i>The Daily Delta</i>,&nbsp;<i>October 14, 1858, p. 2)</i></span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Anthony Nicolas Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1858-1916)-was called Tony.&nbsp; He was born April 10, 1858, at New Orleans.&nbsp; Tony Benachi made his livelihood in the Crescent City as a cotton broker and at Greenville in the Mississippi Delta.(The Biloxi Herald, February 16, 1916, p. 2)</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">&nbsp;In 1900, he appears to be residing in the Benachi House on the beachfront at Biloxi and employed as a cotton classer.(1900 Federal Census-Harrison County, Mississippi)&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">A.N. Benachi seems to have been a bon vivant, and yachting at Biloxi was a favorite pastime.&nbsp; Benachi owned the&nbsp;<b><i>Royal Flush</i></b>, a sixteen-foot catboat, which competed annually in the Biloxi Regatta.&nbsp; The swift craft also sailed in match races for sizeable prize money.(Ocean Springs Record, April 2, 1998)&nbsp; He organized the West End Yacht Club at Biloxi in August 1900.&nbsp; Tony Benachi served as first commodore while brother, Zio, was vice-commodore.(<i>The Biloxi Daily Herald</i>,&nbsp;<i>August 7, 1900, p. 8</i>).&nbsp;</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">A.N. Benachi expired at Biloxi , on February 16, 1916, while residing at 422 Elmer Street.&nbsp; His remains were interred in the Benachi plot in the Biloxi Cemetery.(</span><i style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">The Biloxi Herald</i><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">,&nbsp;</span><i style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">February 16, 1916, p. 2, c. 7</i><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">)</span></p>
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	<b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Helene Benachi&nbsp; Frangopulo</b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp;(1860-1886)-was born at New Orleans circa December 1860.&nbsp; She married&nbsp;</span><b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Nicholas S. Frangopulo</b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp;in April 1883.(Murray, p. 108)&nbsp; They were childless.&nbsp; Helene B. Frangopulo expired in the Benachi home at 425 Bayou Road on February 19, 1886.(</span><i style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">The Times Picayune</i><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">,&nbsp;</span><i style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">February 20, 1886, p. 4</i><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">).&nbsp; No further information.</span></p>
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	<b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Irene Benachi Bidault</b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp;(1862-1942)-was born at&nbsp; New Orleans on September 28, 1862.&nbsp; She married&nbsp;</span><b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Louis A. Bidault</b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp;(1862-1940), an 1866 French immigrant and resident of New Orleans, at Mississippi City in July 1903.&nbsp; Justice J.J. Herbert officiated.(</span><i style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">The Biloxi Daily Herald</i><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">,&nbsp;</span><i style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">July 17, 1903, p. 6</i><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">)</span></p>
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	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Irene may have been previously married to William S. Douglas in June 1886.(Murray, p. 108).&nbsp; No further information.</span><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp; </span></p>
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	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Irene expired at New Orleans on May 17, 1942. &nbsp;Louis had preceded her in death passing on December 11, 1940. &nbsp;Their corporal remains were interred in St. Louis No. III cemetery in the Crescent City.(The Times-Picayune, may 18, 1942, p. 2 and December 12, 1940, p. 2) &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Besari</b>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<b>Belisaire</b>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<b>Belizarius N. Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1864-1923)-was called Zio.&nbsp; He was born on October 26, 1864 at New Orleans.&nbsp; Zio married&nbsp;<b>Sallie Doyle</b>&nbsp;(d. 1952) at New Orleans in November 1899.&nbsp; She was a Mobile native and resident of Biloxi.(<i>The Biloxi Daily Herald</i>, November 7, 1899, p. 8, c. 2)&nbsp; Three children were born from this union:&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Edward Anthony Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1904-1921),&nbsp;<b>Thomas W. Benachi</b>(1902-1982) of Chicago and Berwyn, Illinois, and&nbsp;<b>Helene Anna Benachi Waldo</b>&nbsp;(1911-1980) of Huntington, West Virginia and Wilmington, North Carolina.&nbsp;</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The spouses of Thomas Benachi and Helene Benachi Waldo were Lise Benachi (1907-1987) and Kenneth C. Waldo (1897-1986) respectively.&nbsp; Thomas and Lise Benachi expired at Berwyn, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago, while Mr. and Mrs. Waldo passed at Wilmington, North Carolina.(Family Tree Maker (CD ROM-Social Security Death Index, United States, 1937-1996, Volume 1 and Volume 2)&nbsp;</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">In 1904, Zio Benachi was a bookkeeper for the New Orleans Acid &amp; Fertilizer Company, which was located at 204 Carondelet.&nbsp; The family resided at 376 Millaundon. (Soards (1904), p. 115)</span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">At the time of his demise in 1923, Zio was associated with the Planters Fertilizer &amp; Chemical Company of New Orleans.&nbsp;&nbsp; Mr. Benachi resided at 7901 South Claiborne with his wife, Sallie Doyle, and their two children.(<i>The Biloxi Daily Herald</i>,&nbsp;<i>February 14, 1923, p. 6, c. 3)&nbsp;</i></span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Sallie Doyle Benachi passed on September 5, 1952, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Kenneth C. Waldo, in Huntington, West Virginia.&nbsp; She had three grandchildren.(<i>The Times Picayune</i>,&nbsp;<i>September 13, 1952, p. 2)</i></span></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Diomedes N. Benachi</b>&nbsp;(1866-1930)-may have been called Eugene. (Federal Census 1880-Orleans Parish, Louisiana).&nbsp; In 1904, he made his livelihood as a drayman with his residence located at 924 Philip Street.(Soards (1904), p. 115.)&nbsp; D.N. Benachi passed on January 27, 1930.&nbsp; His remains were interred at the St. Louis No. 3 Cemetery on Esplanade Avenue in the Crescent City.(<i>The Times Picayune</i>,&nbsp;<i>January 28, 1930, p. 2, c. 7</i>).&nbsp; No further information.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<h4 class="rtecenter" style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(50, 150, 3); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><font color="#000000">The Benachi-Torre House</font></span></span></h4>
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	&nbsp;</h4>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/u4/Benachi-house-web.jpg" style="width: 400px; height: 260px; " /></span></p>
<h4 class="rtecenter" style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(50, 150, 3); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font></span></span><b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2257 Bayou Road, New Orleans, Louisiana.</b></h4>
<p align="center" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><i>&nbsp;</i>[</b>photograph<b>&nbsp;</b>taken by Ray L. Bellande in March 1998]</span></span></p>
<p class="rtejustify" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><i>The outstanding center-hall, Classic-style house built in 1859 for Nicholas Benachi and his second wife, Anna Marie Bidault, for $18,000.&nbsp;&nbsp;This was the site of an earlier Bayou Road residence designed for Joseph Zeringue in 1806 by Barthelemy Lafon.&nbsp; The earlier building housed the Bellanger boarding school from 1832 to 1838.&nbsp;</i></b></span></span></p>
<p class="rtecenter">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><strong><span style="font-size:16px;">BENACHI-TORRE HOUSE</span></strong></span></p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><i>Benachi purchased it with grounds measuring 135 feet front by three arpents depth in 1852 for $11,134.&nbsp; He lived in the earlier maison de maitre with his first wife and children for a short time, but Mme. Benachi died and two of the children died in the yellow fever epidemic in 1853 at their summer home in Biloxi.&nbsp; When Benachi remarried, he demolished the early house, building this one for his new wife.&nbsp; The Benachi family kept its residence until 1886, when Peter Torre purchased it.&nbsp; The house and grounds remained in the Torre family, although the three-arpent depth of the lot has been cut by the extension of Laharpe Street.&nbsp; The house and detached, two-story service building are enclosed on the</i>&nbsp;<i>spacious grounds by a high cast-iron fence having a Gothic style gate.&nbsp; The ensemble is one of the city&rsquo;s major landmarks.&nbsp; Although the floor plan reflects the traditional American, center-hall plan, the single windows on either side of the entrance and second level door are unusual for New Orleans.&nbsp; Paired box columns supporting the double galleries are another variation from the norm.&nbsp; Adding sophistication to the fa&ccedil;ade are the pilasters at the corner of the flushboard front.&nbsp; The $18,000 building price in 1859 is high and is reflected in the excellent quality of interior millwork and plaster decoration.&nbsp; The complex was donated to the Louisiana Landmarks Society in 1978 by heirs of Peter Torre.</i></b>(Christovich, et al, 1980, p. 146)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Benachi-Torre House is now owned by James G. Derbes.&nbsp; Mr. Derbes, a New Orleans attorney, acquired this historic home in July 1982, from the board of Trustees of the Lousiana Landmarks Society for $227,000.(Derbes, et al, 1998, p. 4)&nbsp; Councilor Derbes resides in the Benachi-Torre House and lets rooms to bed and breakfast patrons.&nbsp; He also owns and rents the Esplanade Villa at 2216 Esplanade Avenue.&nbsp; Mr. Derbes refers to his properties as the Cotton Brokers&rsquo; Houses as both edifices were once possessed by prominent cotton traders of the 19<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;Century.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">N.M. Benachi was Consul of Greece at New Orleans, a speculator in real estate and slaves, a hunter, horseman, and founder of the Greek Orthodox Church in the Western hemisphere.(Derbes et al-1998, p. 4)&nbsp; In July 1964, a Trisagion, a traditional Greek Othodox memorial service, was held at the tomb of N.M. Benachi in the St. Louis Cemetery on Esplanade Avenue, in recognition of&nbsp; his founding the Greek Orthodox community in the Western Hemisphere in 1864.&nbsp; The ceremony was integrated into the 13<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;international conference of the Greek Orthodox Youth of America hosted at the Jung Hotel.(<i>The Times Picayune</i>,&nbsp;<i>July 31, 1964, Section 3, p. 3, c.2</i>)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">In 1870, Mr. Benachi made his livelihood as a wholesale merchant at New Orleans.&nbsp; He resides with his wife and five children in the Seventh Ward.&nbsp; His mother-in-law, Marie Gilbert, resided with the family as well as two domestics, William Stewart (1853-1870+) and Hubert Darley (1819-1870+), a black female.&nbsp; Benachi&rsquo;s net worth was $34,000 of which real estate accounted for $25,000. (Louisiana Federal Census 1870)</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">By 1880, Benachi was the Greek consul at New Orleans.&nbsp; His sons, Antoine and Belisaire Benachi, were clerks in a store at this time.&nbsp; Three domestic servants were in the Benachi household: Louis Chapon (b. 1845) from France and Louisiana natives, Augustine Johnson (b. 1858) and Anne Millet (b. 1859).(Louisiana Federal Census 1880) &nbsp; &nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">In addition to his land possessions in Louisiana, N.M. Benachi began acquiring land on the seashore at Biloxi, Mississippi in March 1851.&nbsp; At this time, he bought from J.W. Lavillebeuvre for $6500, a tract in the Louis Fayard Claim No. 143 (Section 26, T7S-R9W) which had 232 &frac12; feet on the beach front and ran north to the Back Bay of Biloxi.&nbsp; Jacques Fayard was to the west and A. Blondeau to the east.(1.) This particular tract of land was traded within the Benachi-Bidault family several times between 1867 and 1876.&nbsp; Pandia N. Benachi sold the parcel to the Pelican Hook &amp; Ladder Company No. 4 in February 1876.&nbsp; Leon Bertoli was president of the fire company at this time.(2)&nbsp; The Biloxi beach front parcel came back to N.M. Benachi in January 1879, when Leon Bertoli of the Pelican Hook &amp; Ladder Company No. 4 quitclaimed it to him.(3)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">N.M. Benachi had many land conveyances in the Biloxi area.&nbsp; Unfortunately, they are metes and bounds descriptions and can be located for the most part only in a general sense.&nbsp;&nbsp; Present day Benach Avenue at Biloxi was originally the path for ingress-egress from the N.M. Benachi beachfront home to Pass Christian Road (now Howard Avenue).&nbsp; In the 19<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;Century, there was no road from the Biloxi Lighthouse eastward towards the village of Biloxi for some distance.&nbsp; (Holland-June 1998)&nbsp;&nbsp; It wasn&rsquo;t until November 1909, that the City of Biloxi began acquiring a seventy-five foot strip for street and bulkhead purposes from the landowners in this area.&nbsp; The name of the throughway was to be West Beach Street or Front Street.(4)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">It is believed that the magnificent live oaks that line this thoroughfare today are the result of Mr. Benachi&rsquo;s foresight. In December 1905,&nbsp;<i>The Biloxi Daily Herald&nbsp;</i>reported:</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><i>Benachi Avenue, from Howard Avenue to the beach, was ordered graded and shelled.&nbsp; This is good new to those living on that beautiful &ldquo;Avenue of Oaks&rdquo;.&nbsp; When completed it will form one of the most beautiful thoroughfares in the South or anywhere else</i></b><i>.</i>(<i>The Biloxi Daily Herald</i>,&nbsp;<i>December 6, 1905, p. 1, c. 2</i>)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The N.M. Benachi house on the beachfront at Biloxi was moved sometimes in the 19<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;Century to a position west of present day Benachi Avenue and east of the Biloxi Lighthouse.&nbsp; It was relocated to the west to allow the Benachi driveway-road, which became Benachi Avenue to reach the beachfront.&nbsp; W.P. Kennedy acquired the Benachi home.&nbsp; It was demolished several years after Hurricane Camille of August 1969.(Herron Kennedy, June 1998)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Information on the Benachi House in local journals is rare.&nbsp; It was reported that the Benachi edifice at Biloxi, was entered by thieves on the night of March 29, 1885.&nbsp; Joseph Cody, one of the keepers of the Benachi place, was severely cut on the arm by one of the perpetrators.&nbsp; The villains fled without being identified.(<i>The Daily Picayune</i>, April&nbsp;<i>1, 1885, p. 1, c. 5</i>)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	&nbsp;</p>
<p class="rtecenter" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/u4/benachi-tomb-web.jpg" style="width: 300px; height: 215px;" /></span></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	&nbsp;</p>
<p align="center" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>N.M. Benachi family tomb St. Louis No. 3 Esplanade Avenue, NOLA</b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">[image by Ray L. Bellande December 1997]</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">N.M. Benachi died intestate on February 8, 1886, at New Orleans.&nbsp; He left the following lands at Biloxi with an estimated value of $15,000.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><i>Bounded South by the front bay or Gulf of Mexico.&nbsp; East by property now owned by John Cleary.&nbsp; North by Section line and West by the estate of Jacques Fayard having a front on said front bay or Gulf of Mexico of three hundred and twenty two feet-six inches running back due North between parallel lines to said section line a distance of 40 arpents more or less.&nbsp; Also one lot bounded South by lands of Henry Miller.&nbsp; West by property now owned by Dr. Maloney.&nbsp; North by the property of Charles Fayard.&nbsp; East by above described lot measuring North and South eight hundred feet, East and West</i></b><i>.</i>(Harrison County Chancery Court Cause No. 676, August 1894)<i>&nbsp;&nbsp;</i></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">From the transcription of the Inventory of the Succession of Nicholas M. Benachi-February 1886, provided by James G. Derbes of New Orleans, the appraised value of the N.M. Benachi Estate was as follows:</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">&nbsp;Value of movable effects-$471.00</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Value of shares of stock-$450.00</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Value of silverware-$42.50</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Value of claims-$200.00</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Value of real estate-$11,715.00</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Cash-$521.05</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Total</b>-<b>$13,399.55</b></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">In August 1894, Mrs. Benachi petitioned the Chancery Court of Harrison County, Mississippi for a forced heirship sale of these lands.&nbsp; She told of her marriage contract with N.M. Benachi and the clause where she was entitled to $10,000 from his estate.(HARCO Chancery Court Cause No. 676, Anna Benachi v, Marie Botassi, et al, August Term 1894)&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	&nbsp;</p>
<p class="rtecenter" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><img alt="" src="/sites/default/files/u4/Benachi-Biloxi-web.jpg" style="width: 500px; height: 368px; " /></span></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>N.M. BENACH HOUSE at BILOXI</b></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">[photograph taken by Ray L. Bellande of a pencil drawing of the N.M. Benachi House at Biloxi by Kathy Kennedy.&nbsp; Courtesy of Herron Kennedy 119&nbsp; Benachi Avenue, Biloxi, Mississippi]</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">In August 1895, Special Commissioner, F.G. Hewes, conveyed to Anna Benachi the lands at Biloxi in the estate of her late husband for $8000.(5)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Several months before her demise in November 1897, Mrs. N.M. Benachi with her son, Diomedes N. Benachi, as attorney-in-fact, platted a subdivision titled,&nbsp;</span><b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&ldquo;Benachi</b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp;</span><b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Addition to the City of Biloxi&rdquo;.</b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp; This strip of land is 275 feet in width and extends about 1700 feet north of Howard Avenue.(2</span><sup style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">nd</sup><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp;Judicial District Harrison County Chancery Court, Copy Book 1, p. 9)&nbsp; Present boundaries of the Benachi Addition are:&nbsp; north by Division Street, east by Graham, south by Howard Avenue, and west by Benachi Avenue.&nbsp; The heirs of Mrs. Anna Benachi sold the last parcel of land here in May 1905.(6)&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">After Mrs. Benachi&rsquo;s death, Zio, Dio, and Irene Benachi in May 1903, sold their&nbsp; &frac34; interest in what was known at Biloxi, as&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;the Benachi property&rdquo;</b>&nbsp;to Patrick Kennedy for $8,250.&nbsp; Tony Benachi retained his &frac14; interest in the beachfront tract and became a business partner of Mr. Kennedy.(7)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Benachi house was relocated in July 1903 from its original site to the lot west of the new street [Benachi Avenue] across from which it now stands.<i>(The Biloxi Daily Herald, June 4, 1903, p. 6)</i></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Entrepreneur,&nbsp;<b>Patrick Kennedy</b>&nbsp;(1845-1913), was born May 1845, in Gaulestown, Kilkenny County, Eire.&nbsp; He immigrated to the United States in 1866.&nbsp; Circa 1871, Pat Kennedy married, probably at New Orleans, the Irish immigrant widow of&nbsp;<b>Bernard McKenna</b>,&nbsp;<b>Margaret M&rsquo;Kenna</b>&nbsp;(1845-1905).&nbsp; She was the mother of eleven children, five of whom were alive at the commencement of the 20<sup>th</sup>Century.(Federal Census 1900-Harrison County, Mississippi)&nbsp;&nbsp; Mrs. Kennedy had a brother,&nbsp;<b>Thomas P.</b><b>McKenna</b>&nbsp;(d. 1920), who resided at Long Beach, New Jersey.(<i>The Daily Herald</i>, July 26,&nbsp;<i>1920, p. 3, c. 1)</i></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The family of Pat and Margaret Kennedy were:&nbsp;<b>William P. Kennedy</b>&nbsp;(1873-1951), and&nbsp;<b>John J. Kennedy</b>&nbsp;(1875-1949).&nbsp; Her M&rsquo;Kenna children were:&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Mary M.</b>&nbsp;<b>Hodgins</b>, (d. 1895),&nbsp;<b>Sarah M&rsquo;Kenna</b>(1861-1903),&nbsp;<b>Katherine M. Coyle</b>&nbsp;(1864-1952), and&nbsp;<b>Margaret M. Baltar</b>&nbsp;(1870-1945).&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Patrick Kennedy family arrived at Biloxi from New Orleans on a permanent basis, in the early 1890s.&nbsp; They had established summer residency here in 1884.&nbsp; At New Orleans, Mr. Kennedy was initially engaged in the cooperage business.&nbsp; He later operated a retail soda water operation.(<i>The Biloxi Herald</i>,&nbsp;<i>March 10, 1913, p. 1</i>)&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">One of Pat Kennedy&rsquo;s first business ventures on the Mississippi Gulf Coast was to ship raw oysters.&nbsp; He operated as P. Kennedy &amp; Company.(Biloxi Herald, November 12, 1892)&nbsp; The renown, turn of the Century, Kennedy Hotel was erected by this family on the southeast corner of Reynoir Street and Railroad, just east of the L&amp;N Depot.&nbsp; The land on which the Kennedy Hotel was built was acquired by W.P. Kennedy from the Estate of Marie Harvey Bellande (1840-1894) as a result of a forced heirship sale, Harrison County, Mississippi Chancery Court Cause No. 710, &ldquo; Ida Bellande Gossow v. Antoine V. Bellande, et al&rdquo;.&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Kennedy Hotel occupied the site of the 1882 homestead of Captain Antoine V. Bellande (1829-1918), a French immigrant bar pilot, and his family.&nbsp; The Depot Saloon, which was operated by Captain Bellande&rsquo;s son, Joseph A. Bellande (1868-1961), was also on the hotel parcel.(Bellande-1991, p. 31 and p. 42)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Two of Pat Kennedy&rsquo;s sons, William P. Kennedy and John J. Kennedy, made important contributions to the economic and history of Biloxi.&nbsp; William P. Kennedy was originally in the drug business as Kennedy &amp; Folkes.&nbsp; He later became engaged in the seafood business and is credited with bringing the first trawler to Biloxi.(</span><i style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">The Daily Herald</i><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">,&nbsp;</span><i style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">December 24, 1951, p. 6, c. 3</i><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">)&nbsp;</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">John J. Kennedy served the people of Biloxi as Mayor for fourteen years.&nbsp; He managed the Kennedy Hotel for many years after his father passed.&nbsp; At the time of his demise, J.J. Kennedy was the US comptroller of customs at New Orleans.(<i>The Daily</i>&nbsp;<i>Herald</i>,&nbsp;<i>September 13, 1949, p. 1, c. 6 and p. 4, c. 4</i>)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Benachi property at Biloxi was defined as having a 322-foot front on the Gulf and running north to Howard Avenue with John Cleary to the east and Mrs. Henry Miller to the west.(8) A good approximation of&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;the Benachi property&rdquo;</b>&nbsp;in current view would place Benachi Avenue at the center of the parcel, with strips of land 140 feet wide on each side, running north to Howard Avenue.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">During the years of the next decade, Patrick Kennedy (1845-1913) and A.N. Benachi sold lots from<b>&ldquo;the Benachi property&rdquo;.</b>&nbsp; The four beachfront tracts, two on each side of Benachi Avenue, were conveyed between 1904 and 1912.&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">In February 1904, William P. Kennedy (1873-1951) acquired the tract west of Benachi Avenue upon which the N.M. Benachi home was apparently situated.(9)&nbsp; William W. Baltar&nbsp; purchased the lot just east of William P. Kennedy in August 1904, from his step father-in-law, Pat Kennedy, and A.N. Benachi for $2100.(10)&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">In late 1905, William Winslow Baltar (1870-1928) had a two-story home constructed on his lot by J.E. Greene, one of the largest contractors in South Mississippi.&nbsp; The Baltar home cost $2600.(<i>The Biloxi Daily Herald</i>,&nbsp;<i>December 20, 1905, p. 1, c. 4</i>)</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The two beachfront lots on the east side of Benachi Avenue were acquired by Martha J. Johnson of Chicago in 1905, and Sarah Kennedy in 1912.(11,12) The&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Fabacher House&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;now owned by Walter Blessey IV, at present day 948 West Beach, was erected for&nbsp; Rinaldo Everitt&nbsp; on the beachfront lot that he acquired from Martha Johnson in December 1905.(13) The Everitt-Blessey (commonly known as the<b>&ldquo;Fabacher</b>&nbsp;<b>House&rdquo;</b>) was probably erected in early 1906.(<i>The Biloxi Daily Herald</i>,&nbsp;<i>December 20, 1905, p. 1, c. 4)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</i></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">&nbsp;<b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">REFERENCES:</span></b></span></span></p>
<h4 style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(50, 150, 3); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">&nbsp;</span></span></span></h4>
<h4 style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(50, 150, 3); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; "><font color="#000000">Chancery Court Land Records</font></span></span></span></h4>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">&nbsp;</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Harrison County, Mississippi Land Deed Book 5, pp. 515-516.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">2.&nbsp;&nbsp; Harrison County, Mississippi Land Deed Book 15, p. 14.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">3.&nbsp;&nbsp; ------------------------------------------------- Book 16, pp. 305-306.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">4.<span style="font-weight: normal; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>------------------------------------------------- Book 40, p. 205.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">5.&nbsp;&nbsp; ------------------------------------------------- Book 33, p. 75.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">6.&nbsp;&nbsp; ------------------------------------------------- Book 66, p. 419.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">7.&nbsp;&nbsp; ------------------------------------------------- Book 55, p. 583.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">8.&nbsp;&nbsp; ------------------------------------------------- Book 55, p. 583.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">9.&nbsp;&nbsp; ------------------------------------------------- Book 61, p. 37.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">10.<span style="font-weight: normal; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>------------------------------------------------- Book 90, p. 558.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">11.<span style="font-weight: normal; ">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>----------------------------------------- ------- Book 69, p. 51</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">12. ------------------------------------------ ------ Book 105, p. 445.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">13. ----------------------------------------- ------- Book 70, p. 574.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	&nbsp;</p>
<p class="rtecenter" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Books and Essays</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Ray L. Bellande,<strong> From Marseille to Mississippi, (Bellabde: Ocean Springs, Mississippi - 1991)</strong></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;">Mary Louise Christovich and Roulhac Toledano,&nbsp;<b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">New Orleans Architecture, Faubourg</span></b>&nbsp;<b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">Treme and the Bayou Road</span></b>, Volume IV, (Pelican Publishing Company: Gretna, Louisiana-1980).</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">James G. Derbes and William D. Reeves<b>, &ldquo;Benachi House and Esplanade Villa&rdquo;</b>, (2257 Bayou Road and 2216 Esplanade Avenue),(unpublished essay-1998).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Nicholas R. Murray,&nbsp;<b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">Hunting For Bears</span></b>, Orleans Parish, Louisiana Marriages, 1830-1900, (Murray: Hammond, Louisiana).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">Bradford O&rsquo;Keefe Burial Book&nbsp; No. 6</span>, &ldquo;Anthony Nerlas (sic) Benachi&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;(Biloxi Public<b>&nbsp;</b>Library Archives), p. 33.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">Soards New Orleans City Directory (1904)</span>,</b>&nbsp;(Soards Directory Company Ltd.: New Orleans-1904).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">Webster&rsquo;s New Geographical Dictionary</span></b>, (Merriam- Webster Inc.: Springfield, Massachusetts-1988), p. 261.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">The New Orleans WPA Guide:&nbsp; The Federal Writers Project Guide to 1930s New Orleans</span></b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">,</span>(Pantheon Book:&nbsp; New York-1983).</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	&nbsp;</p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">CD ROM</span></span></span></h4>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	&nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Family Tree Maker (CD ROM),&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Thomas Benachi&rdquo;, &ldquo;Lise Benachi&rdquo;, &ldquo;Helene B. Waldo&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;and<b>&ldquo;Kenneth Waldo&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;Social Security Death Index:&nbsp; United States, 1937-1996, Volume 1 and Volume 2.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>&nbsp;</b></span></span></p>
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	<em><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">Court Cases</span></span></em></h5>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px; ">2<sup>nd</sup>&nbsp;District Court of New Orleans, Orleans Parish, Louisiana,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;The Inventory of Catherine Grund Benachi&rdquo;,&nbsp;</b>&nbsp;September 25, 1856.(Recorded in Volume 6, Act 141)</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px; ">Transcription of&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Inventory of the Succession of Nicholas M. Benachi&rdquo;</b>, February 24, 1886.&nbsp; (from James G. Derbes)</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px; ">Harrison County, Mississippi Chancery Court Cause No. 676,&nbsp;<b>Mrs. A. Benachi v. Marie</b>&nbsp;<b>Botassi, et al,</b>August Term 1894.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px; ">Harrison County, Mississippi Chancery Court Cause No. 8286,&nbsp;<b>Estate of B.N. Benachi</b>, May 1922.&nbsp; (see also HARCO Will Book 5, p. 259)</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	&nbsp;</p>
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	<em><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">Federal Census</span></span></span></em></h4>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px; ">Louisiana Federal Census 1870-Orleans Parish,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Nichol Benachi&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;7<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;Ward, p. 446.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px; ">Louisiana Federal Census1880-Orleans Parish,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;N.M. Benachi&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;7<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;Ward, Roll No. 462, p. 652.</span></p>
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	&nbsp;</h4>
<h4 class="rtecenter" style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(50, 150, 3); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; ">
	<em><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">Journals</span></span></span></em></h4>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px; ">The Biloxi Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Local Happenings&rdquo;,&nbsp;</b>November 12, 1892.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Biloxi Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Mrs. Anna Benachi&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;November 13, 1897.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Biloxi Daily Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Doyle-Benachi&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;November 7, 1899.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Biloxi Daily Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;West End Yacht Club&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;August 7, 1900.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Biloxi Daily Herald, March 11, 1903.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Biloxi Daily Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;City News&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;June 4, 1903.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Biloxi Daily Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Benachi-Bidault&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;July 17, 1903.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Biloxi Daily Herald,&rdquo;&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Benachi Avenue To Be Shelled&rdquo;</b>, December 6, 1905.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Biloxi Daily Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Big Building Improvement&rdquo;,&nbsp;</b>December 20, 1905.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Biloxi Daily Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;City News&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;December 20, 1905.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:georgia,serif;">The Columbus [Georgia] Daily Enquirer, <strong>&#39;A Jacksonville suicide&#39;</strong>, November 14, 1891, p. 1.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;">The Daily Delta, October 14, 1858.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">The Daily Herald,&nbsp;</span><b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&ldquo;Patrick Kennedy, Pioneer Citizen of Biloxi, Passes Away&rdquo;,</b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&nbsp;March 10, 1913.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;">The Daily Herald,&nbsp;</span><b style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;">&ldquo;Tony Benachi Is Claimed By Death&rdquo;,</b><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;">&nbsp;February 16, 1916.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">The Daily Herald,&nbsp;</span><b style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">&ldquo;Thomas P. McKenna&rdquo;</b><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">, July 26, 1920.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Daily Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Zio Benachi Dead&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;February 14, 1923.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Daily Herald<b>, &ldquo;John J. Kennedy, Ex-Biloxi Mayor, Dies at Residence&rdquo;</b>, September 13, 1949.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Daily Herald,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;W.P. Kennedy Sr. Is Buried Sunday With Catholic Services&rdquo;</b>, December 24, 1951.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Daily Herald,&nbsp;<b>&quot;Your Coast&quot;-<i>The Biloxi House that changed its address&quot;</i></b>, December 20, 1956.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Daily Picayune,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Biloxi&rdquo;,&nbsp;</b>April 1, 1885.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Daily Picayune,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;N.M. Benachi Dead&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;February 9, 1886.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The New Orleans Picayune,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Marino Benachi&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;September 4, 1853.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The New Orleans Picayune,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Michel Benachi&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;September 4, 1853.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Ocean Springs Record,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Sous Les Chenes&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;April 2, 1998.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The New Orleans Picayune,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Mrs. N.M. Benachi&rdquo;,&nbsp;</b>September 4, 1853.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Daily Picayune,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Mrs. Nicholas Frangopulo&rdquo;</b>, February 20, 1886.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Times Picayune,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;D.N. Benachi&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;January 28, 1930.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;">The Times Picayune, </span><b style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;">&quot;Louis Bidault&rdquo;, </b><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;">December 12, 1940.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Times Picayune,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Mrs. Irene Benachi Bidault&rdquo;,&nbsp;</b>May 18, 1942.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">The Times Picayune,&nbsp;<b>&ldquo;Greek Service Honors Leader&rdquo;,</b>&nbsp;July 31, 1964.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	&nbsp;</p>
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	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;">PERSONAL COMMUNICATION</span></span></h5>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b><span style="text-decoration: underline; ">&nbsp;</span></b></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Baltar Holland</b>-home interview at Biloxi, Mississippi on June 8, 1998.</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Herron Kennedy</b>-telephone interview June 11, 1998</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>James G. Derbes</b>-home interview at New Orleans, Louisiana on June 23, 1998</span></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Alec M. Choremi</b>-letter of July 21, 1998, from Locust Valley, New York 11560.</span></span></p>
<p class="rtecenter" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<em><span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong>Photographs</strong></span></span></em></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px;"><b>Image 1</b>-<b>Nicholas M. Benachi-</b>photograph taken by Ray L. Bellande in the Benachi-Torre House at 2257 Bayou Road, New Orleans, Louisiana in March 1998.&nbsp; Courtesy of James G. Derbes.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: 14px; "><b>Image 2-Benachi-Torre House-</b>photograph<b>&nbsp;</b>taken by Ray L. Bellande in March 1998 of 2257 Bayou Road, New Orleans, Louisiana.</span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0px; ">
	<span style="font-family:times new roman,times,serif;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><b>Image 3</b>-<b>N.M. Benachi House at Biloxi-</b>photograph taken by Ray L. Bellande of a pencil drawing of the N.M. Benachi House at Biloxi by Kathy Kennedy.&nbsp; Courtesy of Herron Kennedy 119&nbsp; Benachi Avenue, Biloxi, Mississippi.</span></span></p>
